What’s in the Big Beautiful Bill?

Obviously, there’s going to be a lot more in a 900+ page bill that you will ever hear about on the news. Rep. Celeste Maloy has provided the following detailed list of provisions in the bill, organized by subject area (or title).

Ag Title:

• Funds construction to increase capacity of surface water storage and water conveyance facilities.
• Increases funding for agriculture disaster assistance for losses due to predation, adverse weather, or disease.
• Increases funding for agricultural export promotion programs.
• Adds $3 million for the Sheep Production and Marketing Grant Program

• $30 million for each year between 2025-2031 for Agriculture Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust Fund
• $2.25 annually for calendar years 2025 through 2031 for Wool Research, Development, and Promotion Trust Fund (Wool Trust)

SNAP info:

• Mostly limits SNAP benefits to citizens and green card holders, which will save $1.9 billion.
• Stricter work requirements to be eligible for SNAP eligibility.
  • The difficult part will be filing the paperwork to ask for eligibility. This might be where our District Office can step in and help push things along with casework.
• Requires states not currently engaged in cost-sharing for SNAP to start doing so.
• Delays work requirements for states with high payment error rates, which allows those states to become compliant.
  • This won’t affect Utah, which only has a 5.74% payment error rate. (Alaska had a 24.66% payment error rate.)

Armed Services Title:

• Provides $1 billion for unaccompanied housing for Army, Navy, Air Force, and Space Force
• $2 billion for the Defense Health Program
• $62 million to modernize Childcare center staffing
• Increases allowances and special pay for military families

Banking, Housing, and Urban Development Title:

• This title limits funding going to the CFPB, a bureau our banks and credit unions have complained about on a united front
• Rescinds unobligated IRA funds (roughly $100 million of administrative funds)

Commerce, Science, and Transportation Title:

• The bill would restore the Federal Communication Commission’s (FCC) authority to auction spectrum

Energy and Natural Resources Title:

• IRA Land Management Recissions:
  • Rescinds half a billion dollars for the hiring of new NPS employees, and billions more
• Helps generate revenue to fund essential services by requiring Renewable Energy projects to pay royalties and rental fees similar to traditional energy sources
• Requires timber sales and long-term contracting for the Forest Service and BLM
• Allows for the Mining of Federal Coal that’s adjacent to state/private coal reserves
  • Only applies to mining plans already approved by the Secretary of the Interior
• Makes 4 million acres available for coal leasing (without designating specific parcels)
• Lowers the federal coal royalty rate and requires the sales of coal leases
• Lowers Oil and Gas Royalty Rates

Environment and Public Works Title:

• Rescinds wasteful IRA dollars, including funding for Clean Heavy duty vehicles and other IRA climate related emissions reduction projects
• Pauses the IRA’s methane tax for 10 years
• Creates an opt-in fee program to provide for an expedited NEPA process

Finance Title:

• Removes the controversial excise tax that would have applied to wind and solar projects placed into service after 2027 that contain parts exceeding certain thresholds from foreign entities of concern, like China.
• Includes language to codify the definition for investment and production tax credits that includes what methods companies can use to determine when construction has begun.
• Includes restrictions on solar and wind leasing arrangements, but omits earlier restrictions for residential solar agreements.
• Retains tax credits for baseload technologies like advanced nuclear, geothermal and hydro power as well as energy storage into the 2030s.
• Implements foreign entity of concern restrictions for the electricity and manufacturing credits that are less stringent on the industry than those in the House-passed version. Delays implementation of material assistance cost ratios for solar and wind facilities to 2026, rather than being backdated to June 16.
• Ends the advanced manufacturing production tax credit for wind components in 2027 and phases it out for critical minerals between 2031 and 2034.
• Retains the ability to “stack” the manufacturing credit for the production of integrated components, with some new restrictions.
• Adds a new production tax credit for metallurgical coal through 2029.
• Includes an extension of the clean hydrogen production tax credit through 2027.
• Terminates tax credits for electric vehicles on Sept. 30 and EV charging infrastructure in June 2026.
• Terminates the energy efficiency home tax credit and the residential clean energy credit after 2025.
• Preserves transferability provisions for the life of the credits.
• Extends the clean fuel production tax credit through 2029.
• Includes parity for the carbon sequestration credit for different types of carbon use and storage.
• Removes a prohibition on sourcing nuclear fuel from foreign entities of concern to qualify for the nuclear production tax credit.
• Raises the Child Tax Credit by $200 per child
• Raises the estate tax exemption threshold from $13 million to $15 million

Health, Education, and Labor Title:

• k-12 Tax Credits of up to $1,700
• 529 accounts now able to be used for K-12 private education, tutoring, educational therapy ect.
• 529 accounts now able to be used for credential programs
• Exclusion of farms and small businesses from FAFSA consideration
• Creation of workforce Pell Grant, credentialling, 2 year programs, etc.

Medicaid Explanation

• Medicaid Work Requirement
  • Adults 19–64 must work/volunteer 80 hours/month to keep coverage.
  • Parents with kids over 14 must comply (stricter than House).
  • Saves $326B but 11.8M could lose coverage.
• Non-Citizen Eligibility Cuts
  • Ends Medicaid for DACA recipients and lowers emergency care funding for undocumented immigrants.
  • Saves $2.5–3B.
  • Minimal impact in Utah.
• Provider Tax Cap
  • Limits how much states can use provider taxes to boost federal Medicaid funds.
  • Saves $191B.
  • Cuts could hit rural hospitals hardest.
• State Directed Payment Cap
  • Caps extra state Medicaid payments to Medicare levels.
  • Saves $149B.
  • Rural hospitals may lose critical funding.
• Rural Hospital Fund
  • Creates $50B fund to support rural hospitals hit by cuts.
  • No savings, but offsets harm from other changes.
  • Designed to prevent rural closures.

Homeland Security:

• Provides $160 billion in border security funding
• $46 billion for a border wall,
• $45 billion for expanded detention capacity and
• $29.8 billion for ICE
• $3.5 billion to reimburse state and local governments for damages caused by the Biden Administration’s disastrous open border policies.  
• These funds will allow for 10,000 new ICE personnel
• 3,000 new border patrol agents.
• This legislation also removes over 1 million illegal aliens from Medicaid benefits.

Judiciary Title

• This bill reauthorizes RECA for two years
  • The RECA coverage contains the entire state of Utah, but also adds counties in Nevada, New Mexico, and Arizona
  • It expands access to Uranium Miners

Rural Utah Wins:

• $12.52 billion for FAA facilities and equipment – Could improve rural Utah’s aviation infrastructure and safety systems
• Onshore oil and gas lease sales – Immediate resumption of quarterly lease sales with reduced royalty rates (12.5% vs 16.67%), benefiting Utah’s energy sector
• Coal leasing expansion – Required coal lease sales with reduced royalty rates (7% vs 12.5%), supporting Utah’s coal industry
• Timber sales increase – BLM required to sell 20 million additional board-feet annually, benefiting Utah’s forestry communities
• 25% renewable energy revenue sharing – Utah counties and state would receive portions of fees from wind/solar projects on federal lands
• $50 billion Rural Health Transformation Program – Utah would receive state allotments (2028-2032) specifically to improve rural hospital access and financial stability
• Rural Opportunity Zone enhancements – Special provisions for Rural Qualified Opportunity Funds with enhanced tax benefits (30% step-up in basis vs 15%)
• Rural real estate loan tax incentives – 25% exclusion of interest income for lenders on rural/agricultural real estate loans
• $1 billion for Bureau of Reclamation surface water storage – Could benefit Utah’s water infrastructure needs
• Enhanced crop insurance for beginning farmers – Expanded premium discounts and coverage options
• Agricultural disaster assistance improvements – Enhanced livestock indemnity programs and drought grazing assistance
• Farmland capital gains deferrals – Four-year payment option for capital gains on qualified farmland sales
• Increased standard deduction for seniors – $6,000 additional deduction for taxpayers 65+ with income under $75,000 (single)/$150,000 (married)
• No tax on tips and overtime – Benefits rural service and agricultural workers
• Enhanced small business expensing – Increased Section 179 limits from $1.25M to $2.5M for equipment purchases
• $10 billion State Border Security Reinforcement Fund – Though Utah isn’t a border state, funds can be used for “relocation of illegal aliens from small population centers to other domestic locations”